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Fertilisation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Fertilisation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Impregnation)
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This article is about fertilisation in animals and plants. For fertilisation in humans specifically, see
Human fertilization.
A sperm cell fertilising an ovum
For soil improvement see
Fertiliser.
"Conceive" redirects here. For the health magazine, see
Conceive magazine. For philosophical abstraction, see
concept.
Fertilisation (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy), is the fusion of
gametes to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves the fusion of an
ovum with a
sperm, which eventually leads to the development of an
embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilisation, or outside in the case of external fertilisation
The entire process of development of new individuals is called
procreation, the act of species
reproduction.
Contents
Fertilisation in plants
Flowering plants
After the
carpel is
pollinated, the pollen grain germinates in a response to a sugary fluid secreted by the mature stigma (mainly sucrose). From each pollen grain, a
pollen tube grows out that attempts to travel to the ovary by creating a path through the female tissue. The vegetative (or tube) and generative nuclei of the pollen grain pass into its respective pollen tube. After the
pollen grain adheres to the
stigma of the
carpel (female reproductive structure) a
pollen tube grows and penetrates the
ovule through a tiny pore called a
micropyle.
The pollen tube does not directly reach the ovary in a straight line. It travels near the skin of the With multi-seeded fruits, multiple grains of pollen are necessary for syngamy with each ovule. The growth of the pollen tube is controlled by the vegetative (or tube) cytoplasm. Hydr...
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