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Energy level
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A
quantum mechanical system or particle that is
bound -- that is, confined spatially?can only take on certain discrete values of energy. This contrasts with
classical particles, which can have any energy. These discrete values are called energy levels. The term is commonly used for the energy levels of
electrons in
atoms or
molecules, which are bound by the electric field of the
nucleus, but can also refer to energy levels of nuclei or
vibrational or rotational energy levels in molecules. The energy spectrum of a system with such discrete energy levels is said to be
quantized.
If the
potential energy is set to zero at infinite distance from the atomic nucleus or molecule, the usual convention, then
bound electron states have negative potential energy.
If more than one quantum mechanical
state is at the same energy, the energy levels are " degenerate ". They are then called
degenerate energy levels.
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