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Dunce
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A dunce is a person incapable of
learning.
The word is derived from the name of the great
Scholastic theologian and philosopher
John Duns Scotus, also referred to as Doctor Subtillis, or "Subtle Doctor", whose works on
logic,
theology and
philosophy were accepted textbooks in the
universities from the 14th century. Duns or Dunsman was a name applied by early opponents to the followers of Duns Scotus, who were less disparagingly called the Scotists. Hence the term came to refer to anyone devoted to
sophistry in their argumentation. When, in the 16th century, the Scotists obstinately opposed the
new learning (i.e., the English
Renaissance), the term duns or dunce became, in the mouths of the
humanists and reformers, a term of abuse, a
synonym for one incapable of
scholarship. Dunces are often comedically shown wearing paper cone hats, known as
dunce caps, with the word "dunce" or "dumb", or simply a capitalized "D" on them. Schoolchildren were sometimes compelled to wear a dunce cap and to sit on a stool in the corner as a form of humiliating punishment for misbehaving or for failing to demonstrate that they had properly performed their studies.
See also
Dunce cap
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911).
Encyclopædia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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