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Dynamics (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Dynamics (music)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Fortissimo" redirects here. For other meanings, see
Fortissimo (disambiguation).
"Crescendo" redirects here. For other meanings, see
Crescendo (disambiguation).
"Forte (music)" redirects here. For Forte #, see
Forte number.
From left to right, the symbols for piano, mezzo-piano, mezzo-forte, and forte.
In
music, dynamics normally refers to the
volume of a
sound or
note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece, either stylistic (staccato, legato etc.) or functional (velocity). The term is also applied to the written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics. Dynamics do not indicate specific volume levels, but are meant to be played with reference to the ensemble as a whole. Dynamic indications are derived from
Italian words.
Contents
Relative loudness
Teacher. "And what does ?? mean?"
Pupil (after mature deliberation). "Fump-Fump."
Cartoon from
Punch magazine October 6, 1920
The two basic dynamic indications in music are:
p or piano, meaning "soft".
? or forte, meaning "strong".
More subtle degrees of loudness or softness are indicated by:
mp, standing for mezzo-piano, meaning "moderately soft".
m?, standing for mezzo-forte, meaning "moderately strong".
Beyond f and p, there are also
pp, standing for "pianissimo", and meaning "very soft",
??, standing fo...
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