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Courtroom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Courtroom
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A courtroom is the actual enclosed space in which a
judge regularly holds
court.
A small courtroom in
Bern,
Switzerland.
The schedule of official court proceedings is called a
docket; the term is also synonymous with a court's caseload as a whole.
Contents
Courtroom design
United States
The judge generally sits behind a raised desk, known as the
bench. Benches in U.S. federal courtrooms and some state courtrooms are usually bullet-resistant to protect judges from courtroom
shootouts. Behind the judge are the great seal of the jurisdiction and the flags of the appropriate federal and state governments. Judges usually wear a plain black robe (a requirement in many jurisdictions). An exception was the late
U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist, who broke tradition by adorning his robe with four gold stripes on each sleeve.
Adjacent to the bench are the witness stand and the desks where the
court clerk and the
court reporter sit. The courtroom is divided into two parts by a barrier known as the
bar. The bar may be an actual
railing, or an imaginary barrier. The
bailiff stands (or sits) against one wall and keeps order in the courtroom.
On one side is the judge's bench, the tables for the plaintiff, the defendant, and their respective counsel, and a separate group of seats known as the jury box where the jury sits (in jurisdictions that allow for jury trials). Apart from the parties to the case and any witnesses, only the lawyers can literally pass the bar (court personnel and jury members usually enter through separate doors), and this is the reason why the term "the bar" has come to refer to the legal profession as a whole (see
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