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Chemist
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This article is about a scientific profession. For other uses, see
Chemist (disambiguation).
A chemist pours from a
round-bottom flask.
A chemist is a
scientist trained in the study of
chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties such as density and acidity. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of
molecules and their component
atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions,
reaction rates, and other
chemical properties.
Chemists use this knowledge to learn the composition, and properties of unfamiliar substances, as well as to reproduce and synthesize large quantities of useful naturally occurring substances and create new artificial substances and useful processes. Chemists may specialize in any number of
subdisciplines of chemistry.
Materials scientists and metallurgists share much of the same education and skills with chemists.
Chemical engineers are concerned with the physical processes necessary to carry out industrial reactions (heating, cooling, mixing, diffusion etc.) and to separate and purify the products, and work with industrial chemists on the development of new processes.
Contents
History
Main article:
History of chemistry
The roots of chemistry can be traced to the phenomenon of
burning.
Fire was a mystical force that transformed one substance into another and thus was of primary interest to mankind. It was fire that led to the discovery of
iron and
glass. After
gold was discovered and became a precious metal, many people were interested to find a method that could convert other substances into gold. This led to the
protoscience called
Alchemy. The word chemist is derived from the
New Latin noun chimista, an abbreviation of alchimista (
alchemist). Alchemists discovered many
chemical processes that led to the development of modern chemistry. Chemistry as we know it today, was invented by
Antoine Lavoisier with his law of
Conservation of mass in 1783. The
discoveries of the chemical elements has a long history culminating in the creation of the
periodic table by
Dmitri Mendeleev. The
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