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Borough
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For the area of London known as "the Borough", see
Southwark.
Look up
borough in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A borough is an
administrative division in various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing
township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
The word borough derives from common
Germanic *burgs, meaning fort: compare with bury (England), burgh (Scotland), Burg (Germany), borg (Scandinavia), burcht (Dutch) and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring
Indo-european languages such as borgo (Italian), bourg (French) and burgo (Spanish and Portuguese). The incidence of these words as suffixes to place names (for example,
Canterbury,
Strasbourg,
Luxembourg,
Edinburgh,
Hamburg,
Gothenburg) usually indicates that they were once fortified settlements.
In the
Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some
self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In
medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of
parliament. The use of the word borough probably derives from the burghal system of
Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (
Burhs); in order to maintain these settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the
Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement.
The concept of the borough has been used repeatedly (and often differently) throughout the
English-speaking world. Often, ...
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