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Attention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Attention
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In 1890,
William James, in his textbook
Principles of Psychology, remarked:
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Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state which in French is called distraction, and Zerstreutheit in German.
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Other authors have argued against this approach, claiming that 'There is no such thing as attention' . They argue that much research studying attention makes the mistake of "treating it as a cause, when it is an effect" , and that attention cannot and should not be studied independent of the specific perceptual or other cognitive processes that are influenced by the presence or absence of attention.
Over the past hundred years attention, loosely defined as the
cognitive process of paying attention to one aspect of the environment while ignoring others, has become one of the most intensely studied topics within
psychology and
cognitive neuroscience. Attention remains a major area of investigation within
education,
psychology and
neuroscience. Areas of active investigation involve determining the source of the signals that generate attention, the effects of these signals on the
tuning properties of sensory
neurons, and the relationship between attention and other cognitive processes like
working memory. Another ongoing line of research involves studying how attention is disrupted early in the development of different d...
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